Water treatment equipment is a device for filtering and sterilizing water. After the water treatment, the water can meet drinking standards. Then the water can be used in the production of beverages and bottled water.
Water treatment is not a separate machine. It is a line of equipment connected by various filters and sterilization equipment. Different filters target different substances. The entire filtration process is generally designed according to the water quality of raw water and the requirements of finished water.
What Equipment Does Water Treatment Equipment Include?
Water treatment equipment mainly includes:
- Quartz sand filter
- Activated carbon filter
- Ion softener
- Precision filter
- Reverse osmosis device
- Ozone generator
- Ultraviolet sterilizer
Let’s introduce these 7 devices respectively:
WATER TREATMENT QUARTZ SAND FILTER
What are the components of the quartz sand filter?
Quartz sand filter consists of a filter tank, control valve, pressure gauge, quartz sand filter material, and other related accessories.
What are the characteristics of quardz sand?
Quartz sand adopts high-quality fine quartz sand and is processed by crushing, screening, washing, drying, and secondary screening. The appearance of quartz sand is polygonal and spherical, pure white color. It has the characteristics of good sewage interception ability and good corrosion resistance, stable chemical performance, and stable effluent quality, and no blocked or caked. It is an ideal material for water purification.
What is the filtration principle?
Quartz sand filter material plays a filtering role, just as water penetrates the ground through sand and stone, it blocks the suspended solids, colloids, and other particles in the water, thus playing a filtering role.
How to use quardz sand?
Quartz sand filter, quartz sand accounts for 65% – 75% of the total volume of the filter tank. Quartz sand specifications: 4-8mm, 2-3mm, 1-2mm, according to the size from bottom to top following the filling from large to small, the proportion of 30%, 25%, 45%.
After the quartz sand is used as a filter material for some time, the impurities in quartz sand particles increase, which affects the effluent quality, at this time, backwashing is required to remove the pollutants intercepted by the filter layer and restore the filtration capacity. After backwashing, if the filtration effect is still not good, we need to replace quartz sand. Generally, the replacement period is 8-24 months, depending on the quality of raw water. The price of quartz sand is about $100 per ton.
WATER TREATMENT ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER
What are the components of the activated carbon filter?
The activated carbon filter consists of a filter tank, control valve, pressure gauge, activated carbon filter material, and other related accessories.
What are the characteristics of activated carbon?
The water treatment activated carbon adopts high-quality coconut shell, walnut shell, apricot shell, peach shell, and coal as raw material, which is processed by a series of production. The appearance of activated carbon is black granular. It has the characteristics of stable chemical properties, large adsorption capacity, good effluent quality, acid, alkali, and heat resistance, and is insoluble in water and organic solvents.
What is the filtration principle?
The activated carbon adsorption method uses porous activated carbon to adsorb one or more substances in water on the surface of activated carbon to achieve the purpose of purifying water. Activated carbon can not only remove dissolved organic matter, synthetic detergent, microorganisms, viruses, and a certain amount of heavy metals, but also remove odor and improve color.
How to use activated carbon?
Activated carbon filter, the activated carbon accounts for 65% – 75% of the total volume of the filter tank. The bottom layer of the activated carbon filter can be covered with big quartz sand, and the others are 8-16 mesh coconut shell activated carbon.
After some time use of active carbon, due to the absorption of too many pollutants, the pores of activated carbon will be blocked. At this time, it is necessary to clean the pores through backwashing to restore the adsorption capacity. After backwashing, if the adsorption effect is still not good, the activated carbon needs to be replaced. Generally, the replacement period is 8-24 months, depending on the quality of raw water. The price of activated carbon is about $1400 per ton.
WATER TREATMENT RESIN SOFTENER
What are the components of the resin softener?
The resin softener consists of a filter tank, control valve, pressure gauge, resin filter material, and other related accessories.
What are the characteristics of resin?
Resin refers to the active groups with exchange ions, with a network structure, insoluble polymer compounds. The resin is usually made into beads shape. It has the characteristics of deep purification, high efficiency, and good regeneration.
What is the filtration principle?
The softening device uses positive resin to exchange the hardness ions such as calcium and magnesium (the main component of scale formation) in the water, to reduce the hardness of the water.
How to use resin?
After the resin exchange a certain amount of hardness ions in water, the water could not be softened again. It not only needs backwashing to wash off the dirt in the resin and broken resin particles but also needs the regeneration solution to exchange the ions absorbed by the resin. This process is also called resin regeneration. After the resin regeneration, if the exchange effect is still not good, the resin needs to be replaced. The commonly used brands are Shanghai Extrepure, British Purolite, American Dow, American Rohm Haas. Generally, the replacement period is 8-24 months, depending on the quality of raw water. The price of resin is about $1000 per ton.
PRECISION FILTER
What are the components of the precision filter?
Precision filter, also known as a microporous filter, security filter, is composed of a filter tank, control valve, pressure gauge, filter element, and other related accessories.
What are the characteristics of the filter element ?
Precision filtration uses processed filter materials, such as filter cloth, filter paper, filter element, etc., to remove smaller particles.
It has the characteristics of a good descaling effect, no blockage, no corrosion, and no change of chemical properties of water.
What is the filtration principle?
The ordinary sand filter can remove small solid particles, but the effluent still contains many particles with a particle size of 1-5 microns, which can not be removed by sand filtration. Although the particles are tiny, if they directly enter the following process of reverse osmosis host, it will cause the pollution of membrane components. It is necessary to use the precision filter to remove these particles. The chief purpose is to protect the RO membrane from premature blockage and scratch, to extend the service life of the RO membrane. The precision filter is usually set at the end of the whole pretreatment process to prevent the broken filter material, activated carbon resin from entering the reverse osmosis system, and try not to bring the particles from the previous procedure to the following procedure.
How to use filter element?
After the precision filter works for some time, the filter element will precipitate some impurities. The water inlet and outlet of the precision filter are equipped with pressure gauges, the data can judge the pollution degree of the filter element in the precision filter. Generally, when the data is more than 15psi, the filter element needs to be replaced, the replacement period is about 10-30 days. The price of a 5-micron melt-blown filter element is about $5 per piece.
REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER TREATMENT
What are the components of the RO unit?
The reverse osmosis system is mainly composed of a multi-stage high-pressure pump, reverse osmosis membrane element, membrane shell (pressure vessel), support, etc.
What are the characteristics of reverse osmosis membrane?
Reverse osmosis membrane is the membrane element to realize reverse osmosis, is a kind of artificial semi-permeable membrane which is made by simulating a biological semi-permeable membrane. Generally, reverse osmosis membrane is made of polymer materials, such as cellulose acetate membrane, aromatic polyhydrazide membrane, aromatic polyamide membrane. The diameter of surface micropores is generally between 0.1 nm and 10 nm, and the permeability is related to the chemical structure of the membrane itself.
It has the characteristics of fast water permeability, high desalination, little compaction effect, good chemical stability, resistance to acid and alkali and microbial invasion, good effluent quality, and pollution-free.
What is the filtration principle?
To understand the principle of reverse osmosis desalination, we must first understand the concept of “osmosis”, osmosis (infiltration) is a physical phenomenon. When two kinds of water containing different concentrations of salts are separated by a semi-permeable membrane, we will find that the water on the side with less salt content will permeate into the water with higher salt content through the membrane. In this way, the salt concentration on both sides will gradually be mixed to equal. However, it takes a long time to complete this process, which is also called natural osmosis. But, if you add pressure on the waterside with high salt content, the natural osmosis will stop. The pressure at this time is called osmotic pressure. If we increase the pressure, the water can penetrate in the opposite direction. Therefore, the principle of reverse osmosis desalting is to apply a greater pressure than the natural osmotic pressure in salty water (such as raw water)to make the osmosis proceed in the opposite direction, and press the water molecules in the raw water to the other side of the membrane to become clean water, to achieve the purpose of removing salt in the water. The pore size of the reverse osmosis membrane is tiny, so it can effectively remove dissolved salts, colloids, microorganisms, organic matter, bacteria, viruses.
How to use reverse osmosis membrane?
After using it for some time, the suspended solids or insoluble substances in water will pollute the membrane elements. When the system performance is reduced by 10% under standard conditions, or obvious scaling and fouling, it is time for cleaning. Regular water flushing and chemical dosing cleaning can restore the performance of membrane elements and prolong the service life of membrane elements.
After regular cleaning, the water-making capacity of the reverse osmosis membrane still decreases, the water-making speed is too fast (loss of filtration function) and the effluent quality is poor, then consider replacing the reverse osmosis membrane. Generally, the replacement period of reverse osmosis membrane is about 2-5 years, depending on the quality of raw water. Common brands of reverse osmosis membrane are Hydranautics, Dow, Toray, Saehan, etc. The price of Toray 4040 reverse osmosis membrane is about $250 per piece.
OZONE GENERATOR WATER TREATMENT
What are the components of the ozone generator?
The ozone generator is a device used to produce ozone gas (O3). The ozone generator consists of an oxygen generating device (oxygen generator), ozone generating device, gas supply system (micro oil-free air compressor), control system, gas filtering system, and circulating cooling system.
What are the characteristics of the ozone generator?
Ozone is a colorless gas, a strong oxidant. It is obtained by high-pressure ionization (or electrolysis, chemical, photochemical reaction). Its production process is to decompose part of the oxygen in the air into oxygen atoms, which then polymerize with oxygen molecules to form a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms (O3), which is ozone.
Ozone generator has the characteristics of stable output, less maintenance, corrosion resistance, high efficiency in killing bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms in water, thorough removal of organic compounds and other pollutants without secondary pollution.
What is the sterilization principle of the ozone generator?
Ozone can oxidize and decompose the enzymes needed by glucose in bacteria and inactivates the bacteria to death.
Directly interact with bacteria and viruses, destroy their organelles, DNA and RNA, destroy the metabolism of bacteria, and causing bacteria to die.
Through the cell membrane invades into the cell, acts on the outer membrane lipoproteins and the inner lipopolysaccharide, causes the bacteria to have the permeability distortion and dissolve to death.
How to use the ozone generator for water treatment?
The use of the ozone generator is about 5-6 years. The continuous use time of the ozone generator is generally less than 8 hours. After some time of use, we need to open the cover of the ozone generator and removed the dust carefully with alcohol cotton.
When using the ozone generator, it is strictly forbidden for workers to work in an environment with a high concentration of ozone. The ozone concentration of 0.15mg/l is the olfactory threshold, which can be smelled by ordinary people, when the concentration reaches above 10mg / L, it is the poisoning limit, which may have adverse effects on the human body.
UV(ULTRAVIOLET)STERILIZER WATER TREATMENT
What are the components of the UV sterilizer?
The UV sterilizer is mainly composed of the body, ballast, lamp tube, tube sleeve, seal, etc.
What are the characteristics of the UV sterilizer?
The UV sterilization lamp consists of quartz glass, and the high-quality quartz tube is selected to ensure an excellent ultraviolet penetration rate and the highest intensity ultraviolet output.
It has the characteristics of high sterilization efficiency, no secondary pollution, a small floor area, simple operation, easy installation, and maintenance.
What is the sterilization principle of UV sterilizer?
The principle of UV sterilization is to use the appropriate wavelength of ultraviolet light to radiate and destroy the DNA and structure of microbial cells, resulting in growth and regenerative cell death. In addition to killing microorganisms in water, UV with appropriate wavelength can decompose ozone, reduce chloride in water and remove TOC.
How to use UV lamp for water treatment?
Ultraviolet rays can’t directly irradiate human skin. After a period of use, there is dust and oil on the surface of the ultraviolet lamp tube and sleeve, which will block UV penetration, at this time, we can wipe it with alcohol, acetone, and ammonia (usually once every two weeks). After wiping the ultraviolet lamp, the intensity of ultraviolet is still very low, it is time to replace the UV lamp. Generally, the UV lamp replacement period is about 1-2 years.
Water is very important in the production of beverages and packaged water. It directly affects the quality and safety of finished beverages. A good set of water treatment equipment is essential for packaging beverage companies. Linho is committed to providing safe and efficient water treatment equipment to our customers. We will provide customized water treatment solution design based on the quality of your raw water.
